Machines: Functional devices that perform specific tasks. Examples include new types of engines, robots, or specialized tools.

Processes: Methods, techniques, or ways of doing something. This could involve novel manufacturing processes, software algorithms, or specific business methods.

Manufactures or articles of manufacture: Physical objects created or shaped through a human process. This category encompasses a wide range of products, from consumer goods to complex machinery components.

Compositions of matter: New combinations of materials or substances with unique properties. Examples include innovative alloys, pharmaceutical formulations, or genetically modified organisms.

A New and Useful Improvement Thereof: In addition to original inventions, patents can also be granted for improvements or modifications to existing inventions. These improvements build upon existing technologies, enhancing their functionality or efficiency.

Simply falling within one of these categories doesn't guarantee a patent. Your invention must also meet the patentability criteria such as novelty, non-obviousness and industrial applicability.

While patents offer valuable protection for inventive solutions, understanding what can be patented is crucial. By familiarizing yourself with the categories of patentable inventions and the key criteria for patentability, you can make informed decisions about pursuing patent protection for your innovative ideas.